Thor laughs internally when he sees the hammer, takes hold of it, strikes Þrymr, beats all of the jötnar, kills their "older sister", and so gets his hammer back. [17], In the 11th century, chronicler Adam of Bremen records in his Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum that a statue of Thor, who Adam describes as "mightiest", sits in the Temple at Uppsala in the center of a triple throne (flanked by Woden and "Fricco") located in Gamla Uppsala, Sweden. In Germanic mythology, Thor (/θɔːr/; from Old Norse: Þórr) is a hammer-wielding god associated with lightning, thunder, storms, sacred groves and trees, strength, the protection of mankind and also hallowing and fertility. The battle with the wolf and the serpent starts when the bridge Bifröst breaks, during the events of Ragnarök Thor is frequently referred to in place names, the day of the week Thursday bears his name (modern English Thursday derives from Old English þunresdæġ, 'Þunor's day'), and names stemming from the pagan period containing his own continue to be used today, particularly in Scandinavia. The symbol was identified as such since 19th century scholarship; examples include Worsaae (1882:169) and Greg (1884:6). Freyja pointedly refuses. As a War God, Thor is a formidable opponent who you certainly would not wish to meet on a dark night. [60] F. M. Stenton noted that such placenames were apparently restricted to Saxon and Jutish territory and not found in Anglian areas. In other regions of Sweden the name of the beetle appears to have been demonized with Christianization, where the insect came to be known as Thordedjefvul or Thordyfvel (both meaning "Thor-devil"). Thor is considered an Aesir god. [14][15], A 9th-century AD codex from Mainz, Germany, known as the Old Saxon Baptismal Vow, records the name of three Old Saxon gods, UUôden (Old Saxon "Wodan"), Saxnôte, and Thunaer, by way of their renunciation as demons in a formula to be repeated by Germanic pagans formally converting to Christianity. For Dumézil, this is the preservation by peasants of only the side-effect of the god's atmospheric battles: the fertilizing rain. In its broadest academic sense, the word myth simply means a traditional story. In Georges Dumézil's trifunctional hypothesis of Indo-European religion, Thor represents the second function, that of strength. Germanic religion and mythology: Thor (þórr) …his pulling the cosmic serpent Jörmungand ( Jörmungand r), which surrounds the world, out of the ocean. Thor is described as Odin’s son, but his name derives from the Germanic term for “thunder.”. [75] In English he features for example in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's "The Challenge of Thor" (1863)[76] and in two works by Rudyard Kipling: Letters of Travel: 1892–1913 and "Cold Iron" in Rewards and Fairies. The medieval Germanic forms Þórr (Old Norse), Donar (Old High German), Þunor (Old English), Thuner (Old Frisian) and Thunar (Old Saxon) are cognates—linguistic siblings of the same origin. Norse deities can be divided into two major groups; the Aesir and the Vanir. In Greek mythology this point was seen as the Silver Gate. When we find it on the pommel of a warrior's sword and on his sword-belt, the assumption is that the warrior was placing himself under the Thunder God's protection.[59]. [12], According to a near-contemporary account, the Christian missionary Saint Boniface felled an oak tree dedicated to "Jove" in the 8th century, the Donar's Oak in the region of Hesse, Germany. In English placenames, Old English Thunor (in contrast with the Old Norse form of the name, later introduced to the Danelaw) left comparatively few traces. In the end, Thor ends up walking instead. The theonyms Þórr (Old Norse), Donar (Old High German), Þunor (Old English), Thuner (Old Frisian) and Thunar (Old Saxon) are cognates—linguistic siblings of the same origin. From the Old Norse Þórr meaning "thunder", ultimately from the early Germanic *Þunraz.In Norse mythology Thor is a god of storms, thunder, war and strength, a son of Odin.He is portrayed as red-bearded, short-tempered, armed with a powerful hammer called Mjölnir, and wearing an enchanted belt called Megingjörð that doubles his strength. Due to the nature of the Germanic corpus, narratives featuring Thor are only attested in Old Norse, where Thor appears throughout Norse mythology. [46], However, the question and answer session turns out to be a ploy by Thor, as, although Thor comments that he has truly never seen anyone with more wisdom in their breast, Thor has managed to delay the dwarf enough for the Sun to turn him to stone; "day dawns on you now, dwarf, now sun shines on the hall". Similarly, coins featuring depictions of the hammer have also been discovered. [63], Thor closely resembles other Indo-European deities associated with the thunder: the Celtic Taranis,[64][65] the Estonian Taara (or Tharapita), the Baltic Perkūnas, the Slavic Perun,[66] and particularly the Hindu Indra, whose red hair and thunderbolt weapon the vajra are obvious parallels noted already by Max Müller. Thor’s name also survives in English in our word “thunder.” Loki says that this is because "Freyja" has not slept for eight nights in her eagerness. The gods decide that they would find suitable cauldrons at Ægir's home. [13], Around the second half of the 8th century, Old English mentions of a figure named Thunor (Þunor) are recorded, a figure who likely refers to a Saxon version of the god. Then comes the mighty son of Hlôdyn: Loki flies off, the feather cloak whistling, away from Jötunheimr and back to the court of the gods. The Roman god Jupiter was known for throwing bolts of lightening and therefore there was a correspondence with the Germanic god of thunder, Thor. Þrymr recounts his treasured animals and objects, stating that Freyja was all that he was missing in his wealth. Closeup of Thor with Mjölnir depicted on the Altuna stone. Some distance from Hymir's home, an army of many-headed beings led by Hymir attacks the two, but are killed by the hammer of Thor. Thor pulls the serpent on board, and violently slams him in the head with his hammer. On the stick, both Thor and Odin are called upon for help; Thor is asked to "receive" the reader, and Odin to "own" them. [36], After the second lacuna, Hymir is sitting in the boat, unhappy and totally silent, as they row back to shore. Runes (.mw-parser-output .script-runic{font-family:"BabelStone Runic Beagnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtnoth","BabelStone Runic Beorhtric","BabelStone Runic Beowulf","BabelStone Runic Berhtwald","BabelStone Runic Byrhtferth",Junicode,Kelvinch,"Free Monospaced",Code2000,Hnias,"Noto Sans Runic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","San Francisco","New York"}᛭ᚦᚢᚱ᛬ᚢᛁᚴᛁ᛭) × þur : uiki × on the Velanda Runestone, Sweden, meaning "may Þórr hallow". Old Norse Þórr, Old English Þunor and Old High German Donar are cognates within After Hymir—who is not happy to see Thor—comes in from the cold outdoors, Týr's mother helps them find a properly strong cauldron. In the Savage Dragon comics, Thor is portrayed as a villain. They arrive, and Týr sees his nine-hundred-headed grandmother and his gold-clad mother, the latter of which welcomes them with a horn. [18] Earlier in the same work, Adam relays that in 1030 an English preacher, Wulfred, was lynched by assembled Germanic pagans for "profaning" a representation of Thor. There is evidence that a corresponding deity named Thunor, or Thonar, was worshiped in England and continental Europe, but little is known about him. Alternatively, Troy is in Tyrkland (Turkey, i.e., Asia Minor), and Asialand is Scythia, where Thor founded a new city named Asgard. 450-1100)-language text, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Old Frisian-language text, Articles containing Old Saxon-language text, Articles containing Old High German (ca. [73] Scholar Hilda Ellis Davidson summarizes: The cult of Thor was linked up with men's habitation and possessions, and with well-being of the family and community. With time, the words were blurred together and became the English Thursday. In the fields of science and technology, Swedish chemist Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848) discovered a chemical element that he named after Thor – thorium. Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum, "Rick Riordan announces 'Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard, MyNDIR (My Norse Digital Image Repository), Sacred trees and groves in Germanic paganism and mythology, Mythological Norse people, items and places, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thor&oldid=1022770501, Articles containing Swedish-language text, Articles containing Old Norse-language text, Articles containing Norwegian-language text, Articles containing Old English (ca. The name “Thor” (Þórr in the Old Norse, thunarin Old Saxon) meant “thunder Thor goes out, finds Hymir's best ox, and rips its head off. Þrymr says that he has hidden Mjölnir eight leagues beneath the earth, from which it will be retrieved, but only if Freyja is brought to him as his wife. What is the name of Thor’s hammer? Place-names, personal names, poetry, and prose show that he was worshiped widely, especially toward the end of the pagan period. Loki responds that he intends to live a while yet, and again insults Thor with references to his encounter with Útgarða-Loki. Thor wields a hammer and is believed to be the god of thunder, oak tree, lightning, strength, and storms. ... In Germanic paganism, the indigenous religion of the ancient Germanic peoples that inhabited Germanic Europe, there were a number of different gods and goddesses. But vedic and germanic mythology still have the same indo-european roots. Thor picks both the boat and the whales up, and carries it all back to Hymir's farm. In Thor's case, the identification with the god Hercules is likely at least in part due to similarities between Thor's hammer and Hercules' club. Týr cannot lift it, but Thor manages to roll it, and so with it they leave. The highest and most supreme deity, universally worshipped among all Germanic tribes, was called Wuotan in Old High German, Odin in Norse. Thor rejects the idea, yet Loki interjects that this will be the only way to get back Mjölnir. Besides Old Norse Þórr, the deity occurs in Old English as Þunor, in Old Frisian as Thuner, in Old Saxon as Thunar, and in Old High German as Donar, all ultimately stemming from the Common Germanic theonym *Þunraz, meaning 'thunder'. Gabriel Turville-Petre saw this as an invented origin for the placename demonstrating loss of memory that Thunor had been a god's name. Donar, the southern Germanic form of Thor's name. Artmann.[75]. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. https://mythnerd.com/enemies-opponents-and-rivals-of-thor-in-norse-mythology After Thor successfully smashes a crystal goblet by throwing it at Hymir's head on Týr's mother's suggestion, Thor and Týr are given the cauldron. Thor comments that the wedding agreement was made among the gods while Thor was gone, and that the dwarf must seek his consent. By way of Odin, Thor has numerous brothers, including Baldr. bowed by the serpent, who feared no foe. Thor has been portrayed in the Marvel Cinematic Universe by Australian actor Chris Hemsworth, appearing in Thor, The Avengers, Thor: The Dark World, Avengers: Age of Ultron, Doctor Strange, Team Thor, Thor: Ragnarok, Avengers: Infinity War, and Avengers: Endgame. [42], As a result, the gods and goddesses meet and hold a thing to discuss and debate the matter. To do so, Thor says, Alvíss must tell him what he wants to know about all of the worlds that the dwarf has visited. Thor is a prominently mentioned god throughout the recorded history of the Germanic peoples, from the Roman occupation of regions of Germania, to the Germanic expansions of the Migration Period, to his high popularity during the Viking Age, when, in the face of the process of the Christianization of Scandinavia, emblems of his hammer, Mjölnir, were worn and Norse pagan personal names containing the name of the god bear witness to his popularity. Thor: Þórr (North Germanic), Þunor (Old English), Thunaer (Old Saxon), Donar (Southern … Around 1000 pendants in distinctive shapes representing the hammer of Thor have been unearthed in what are today the Nordic countries, England, northern Germany, the Baltic countries, and Russia. [29], Afterwards, says the völva, the sky will turn black before fire engulfs the world, the stars will disappear, flames will dance before the sky, steam will rise, the world will be covered in water and then it will be raised again, green and fertile. Thor wields the hammer Mjölnir, wears the belt Megingjörð and the iron gloves Járngreipr, and owns the staff Gríðarvölr. Anders Hultgård has argued that this is the face of Thor. Adam details that "Thor, they reckon, rules the sky; he governs thunder and lightning, winds and storms, fine weather and fertility" and that "Thor, with his mace, looks like Jupiter". [6], Beginning in the Viking Age, personal names containing the theonym Thórr are recorded with great frequency, whereas no examples are known prior to this period. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Who was the son of the chief god Odin and his wife, Frigg? The name of the æsir is explained as "men from Asia", Asgard being the "Asian city" (i.e., Troy). The two go to the dwelling of the goddess Freyja, and so that he may attempt to find Mjölnir, Thor asks her if he may borrow her feather cloak. In Ynglinga saga chapter 5, a heavily euhemerized account of the gods is provided, where Thor is described as having been a gothi—a pagan priest—who was given by Odin (who himself is explained away as having been an exceedingly powerful magic-wielding chieftain from the east) a dwelling in the mythical location of Þrúðvangr, in what is now Sweden. At first, Thor holds his tongue, but Hárbarðr only becomes more aggressive, and the poem soon becomes a flyting match between Thor and Hárbarðr, all the while revealing lore about the two, including Thor's killing of several jötnar in "the east" and berzerk women on Hlesey (now the Danish island of Læsø). Omissions? [41], Thor asks Loki if his efforts were successful, and that Loki should tell him while he is still in the air as "tales often escape a sitting man, and the man lying down often barks out lies." A Religious Scene: The three figures at the top have been identified as Thor, Odin and Freyr. On the Swedish island of Gotland, a species of beetle (Scarabæus stercorarius) was named after the god; the Thorbagge. I) —and— The Sword of Victory (Segersvårdet) ☼ 1870 to Present ☼ Over a Century of Scholarship pertaining to Viktor Rydberg and his work Dispelling Disinformation Exposing the truth behind the internet campaign to discredit Viktor Rydberg and his work In our own times, little stone axes from the distant past have been used as fertility symbols and placed by the farmer in the holes made by the drill to receive the first seed of spring. [55], In the Netherlands, The Sagas of Veluwe has a story called Ontstaan van het Uddeler- en Bleeke meer which features Thor and that he fights giants.[56]. Thor is the manifestation of the Germanic god Donor. Thor arrives at Ægir's home and finds him to be cheerful, looks into his eyes, and tells him that he must prepare feasts for the gods. In Thor's case, he continues, these sacrifices were done when plague or famine threatened. [26], In the Poetic Edda, compiled during the 13th century from traditional source material reaching into the pagan period, Thor appears (or is mentioned) in the poems Völuspá, Grímnismál, Skírnismál, Hárbarðsljóð, Hymiskviða, Lokasenna, Þrymskviða, Alvíssmál, and Hyndluljóð.[27]. [21], On four (or possibly five) runestones, an invocation to Thor appears that reads "May Thor hallow (these runes/this monument)!" One of the stones, Sö 86, shows a face or mask above the hammer. Lee and Kirby included Thor as a founding member of their superhero team the Avengers. Odin is also known as being the ruler of the gods. In connection, the lack of trolls and ettins in modern Scandinavia is explained as a result of the "accuracy and efficiency of the lightning strokes". In these sources, Thor bears at least fifteen names, is the husband of the golden-haired goddess Sif, is the lover of the jötunn Járnsaxa, and is generally described as fierce eyed, red haired and red bearded. In Heimskringla, composed in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson, Thor or statues of Thor are mentioned in Ynglinga saga, Hákonar saga góða, Ólafs saga Tryggvasonar, and Óláfs saga helga. [5], The English weekday name Thursday comes from Old English Þunresdæg, meaning 'day of Þunor'. Thor (þórr) Thor is a god of very different stamp. Neil Gaiman's books American Gods and Norse Mythology also feature Thor. [43], After riding together in Thor's goat-driven chariot, the two, disguised, arrive in Jötunheimr. In the Roman calendar the day between Mars' day (Tuesday) and Jupiter's day (Thursday) was Mercury's day. [53], A Scandinavian folk belief that lightning frightens away trolls and jötnar appears in numerous Scandinavian folktales, and may be a late reflection of Thor's role in fighting such beings. Both the Germanic and the English calendar dedicate the fifth day of the week Thursday or Germanic Donnerstag in the name of Thor. Fuelled by a truly ferocious appetite, his fearsome physique boasts bulging muscles and the kind of abdomen better suited to parading around at beach parties. At Thor's final threat, Loki gives in, commenting that only for Thor will he leave the hall, for "I know alone that you do strike", and the poem continues. The gods dress Thor as a bride, and Loki states that he will go with Thor as his maid, and that the two shall drive to Jötunheimr together. The pendants have been found in a variety of contexts (including at urban sites, and in hoards) and occur in a variety of shapes. Annoyed, Ægir tells Thor that the gods must first bring to him a suitable cauldron to brew ale in. Artmann. [62] In Sweden in the 19th century, smooth, wedge-shaped stones found in the earth were called Thorwiggar ("Thor's wedges"), according to a folk belief that they were once hurled at a troll by the god Thor.
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