After 1880 and the taming of the falls by the Army Corps of Engineers (see The Eastman Tunnel Collapse), it would be nearly a century before people began to value the falls again for its beauty.[11]. A nearby rocky islet known as Spirit Island was significant in Dakota traditions and was once a nesting ground for eagles that fed on fish below the falls. In July, Accault accompanied a buffalo hunting party west while Hennepin and Augalle went with another Dakota party whose route took them past the falls. It was years before the area was fully stabilized and the falls were again safe from collapse. By the late 17th century, the crest was below Hennepin Island. In 1805, the federal government signed a treaty with the Dakota and purchased a tract of land that included the falls to construct Fort Snelling. Oral tradition also suggests that Dakota camped on Nicollet Island to fish and tap the sugar maple trees. After the last ice age, 12,000 years ago, humans moved northward, likely following the spread of plants and animals. Friends of the Falls was founded in February 2016 by Paul Reyelts and Mark Wilson as a 501c(3) public non-profit, seeking to transform the Upper Lock at The Falls into a community gathering place, restoring public access to the river. Congress suspended navigation at the Upper Lock of St. Anthony Falls Lock in the Water Resources Development Act of 2014, closing it to commercial barge navigation in 2015. Natural erosion caused the line of the falls to move steadily upriver at about four feet a year from its starting point in St. Paul. As the last ice age ended 12,000 years ago, glacial melt waters poured down what is now the Minnesota Valley and created the broad canyon of the Mississippi River below present day St. Paul. Countless explorers travelled to the falls recorded their impressions of it. Shortly after the Congressional action, both the St. Anthony Falls Heritage Board’s plan, Changing Relationship to the Power of the Falls, and the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board’s Central Riverfront Regional Park Master Plan, recommended that the site of the Upper Lock become a visitor center. (Photographer: Tallmadge Elwell, ca. Saint Anthony Falls, or the Falls of Saint Anthony, northeast of downtown Minneapolis, Minnesota, was the only natural major waterfall on the Upper Mississippi River. While there, Father Hennepin renamed the falls after his order's patron saint, Saint Anthony of Padua. The emergence in the last couple years of a new water taxi service, and the National Park Service’s Paddle Share kayak rental (now available at numerous sites between Coon Rapids Dam in the north, to Boom Island at the Central Riverfront) sparks the imagination about the future vibrancy of water trails and public docks on the Upper River. The facility will be a gateway to the Mississippi National River Recreation Area, our river National Park. A portage trail climbed a bluff located in what is now Hennepin Bluffs Park and followed the east bank along what is now Main Street to a point well above the falls. St. Anthony Falls was a sacred spot for the Dakota. See Giacomo Beltrami, George Catlin, Elizabeth Ellet, Fredrika Bremer, Johann Georg Kohl, and Robert Watt Carver Pennefeather Mill City, p. 14-21. Following European settlement, St. Anthony Falls became the birthplace of Minneapolis and foundation for the region at large. St. Anthony Falls is the only major waterfall on the Mississippi River, which today thunders down a 49-foot drop on a concrete spillway at the toe of the iconic Stone Arch Bridge. ca. [4], Spirit Island as a limestone quarry. “The Falls of St. Anthony” by Albert Bierstadt “The Falls of St. Anthony” by Albert Bierstadt depicts the falls as they appeared before any human intervention and the introduction of the spillway. *All illustrations and archival photographs are property of the Minnesota Historical Society except where otherwise noted. Father Hennepin As the last ice age ended 12,000 years ago, glacial melt waters poured down what is now the Minnesota Valley and created the broad canyon of the Mississippi River below present day St. Paul. This is NOT an official NCED product. The Dakota and other Native American communities sanctified the Falls as one of two sacred Indigenous sites on the Upper Mississippi. Although many parts of Hennepins account are suspect (see below), other accounts also suggest the falls held special spiritual significance. Over time, a few small villages grew up along the corridor, specializing in fishing. Already a place of deep spiritual significance for Dakota Indians, the falls lured entrepreneurs from the northeastern United States in pre-Civil War days who saw in them a "Niagara of the West."
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