It was created to provide the people with a direct representative magistrate. "That the Phoenicians took to the sea at a very early date and became the most skillful mariners of the ancient world is certain . The development of the Hebrew Bible canon, the synagogue, Jewish apocalyptic expectations for the future, and Christianity, can all be traced to the Second Temple period. "They exhibited a boldness and audacity in braving the perils of the sea in their little ships, which, for the age, demands our admiration. © Copyright 2020 UNRV.com. Traditions and reworking", in Ton Derks, Nico Roymans (ed. Shortly before or after the Bar Kokhba's revolt (132–135), the Roman Emperor Hadrian changed the name of the Judea province to Syria Palaestina, and founded Aelia Capitolina on the ruins of Jerusalem, which some scholars conclude was done in an attempt to remove the relationship of the Jewish people to the region. The Tribune of the Plebes (tribunus plebis) was a magistracy established in 494 BC. The Twelve Tables are the first attempt to make a law code, and remained the only attempt for nearly one thousand years. [19], After the Jewish–Roman wars (66–135), which Epiphanius believed the Cenacle survived,[20] the significance of Jerusalem to Christians entered a period of decline, Jerusalem having been temporarily converted to the pagan Aelia Capitolina, but interest resumed again with the pilgrimage of Helena (the mother of Constantine the Great) to the Holy Land c. 326–28. Serving as a launching point against Parthia, into Judaea and elsewhere, as many as 4 legions were garrisoned in Syria at any one time. In 191 BC, a relatively small Syrian army of 10,000 met a Roman force of twice its size at the famous Spartan battlefield of Thermopylae. Under the Persians, like most of their conquests, the natives were allowed considerable autonomous rule, and the region prospered. They were the first who dared to push out of sight of land in their voyages and sail beyond the Pillars of Hercules into the ocean" (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, section on Phoenicia). [citation needed]. In Syria itself however, the independence of their culture was under constant strain. Retrieved on 2007-08-12 from [, Whealey, J. With him came an immense cultural change, where Western Hellenistic ideas and institutions came to dominate. Swords Against the Senate describes the first three decades of Rome's century-long civil war that transformed it from a republic to an imperial autocracy, from the Rome of citizen leaders to the Rome of decadent emperor thugs. In 64 BC, Syrian Kings were ousted, and Pompey officially annexed Syria as a Roman province. In 64 BC, Syrian Kings were ousted, and Pompey officially annexed Syria as a Roman province. United and Romanized, through conquest, or absorbed through its culture, Rome still stands today as a legacy to the achievement of mankind, and its failures. Megiddo, the "Legio" of the Roman period, has ... oblong eminences which are so frequently met with in Syria. They were also considered the most skilled seamen of the ancient world. [14], Furthermore, the name Syria Palaestina predates Hadrian's naming decision by at least 6 centuries, the term already long in use in Classical Greek historical literature to refer to Palestine as part of a broader Syrian region encompassing the Levant from Cappadocia and Cilicia in the north down through Phoenicia and Palestina, bordering Egypt to the south. Dyes too, especially the purple dye extracted from mollusks on the Syrian shore were of particular importance. The "Roman Colosseum" page has been re-written and expanded. Though Alexander died shortly after his conquest in 323 BC, the region continued to fall under the control of Macedonian policy. Within a century, Hellenized rule was virtually in shambles and the east was in complete political disarray. Because of their vast network of sea trade and travel, independent Phoenician city-states were established all over the Mediterranean (discovering the Atlantic Ocean in the process), the most notable being that of Carthage. This book focuses on his rise to power and on the ways in which he then maintained authority throughout his reign. Syria, which became a province of Rome in 64 B.C., is referenced at least eight times in the KJV (Matthew 4:24, Luke 2:2, Acts 15:23, 41, 18:18, 20:3, 21:3 and Galatians 1:21). When Odaenathus was assassinated by his nephew Maconius, his wife Septimia Zenobia took power, ruling Palmyra on behalf of her son, Vabalathus. In 232, the Syrian Legion rebelled against the Roman Empire, but the uprising went unsuccessful. After Valerian was captured by the Sassanids in 260, and died in captivity in Bishapur, Odaenathus campaigned as far as Ctesiphon (near modern-day Baghdad) for revenge, invading the city twice. Within its boundaries is the region known as Phoenicia (called Phenice or Phenicia in the KJV) which is mentioned three times in the New Testament. All were included within the larger Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Diocese of the East, together with the provinces of Isauria, Cilicia, Cyprus (until 536), Euphratensis, Mesopotamia, Osroene, and Arabia Petraea. The Roman province of Judea incorporated the regions of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea, and extended over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Israel. [6] Following the partition of the Herodian kingdom into tetrarchies in 6 AD, it was gradually absorbed into Roman provinces, with Roman Syria annexing Iturea and Trachonitis.
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